Compiling Sass, Less, and SCSS to CSS
This feature is supported in the Ultimate edition only.
On this page:
- Introduction
- Before you start
- Installing the Sass/SCSS compiler
- Installing the Less compiler
- Creating a file watcher
- Compiling the code
Introduction
Sass, Less, and SCSS code is not processed by browsers that work with CSS code. Therefore to be executed, Sass, Less, or SCSS code has to be translated into CSS. This operation is referred to as compilation and the tools that perform it are called compilers.
IntelliJ IDEA supports integration with compiler tools that translate Sass, Less, and SCSS code into CSS.
In IntelliJ IDEA, compiler configurations are called File Watchers. For each supported compiler, IntelliJ IDEA provides a predefined File Watcher template. Predefined File Watcher templates are available at the IntelliJ IDEA level. To run a compiler against your project files, you need to create a project-specific File Watcher based on the relevant template, at least, specify the path to the compiler to use on your machine.
Before you start
- Make sure the Less Support, Sass Support, and CSS Support plugins are activated. The plugins are bundled with IntelliJ IDEA and activated by default. If the plugins are not activated, enable them on the Plugins page of the Settings / Preferences Dialog as described in Enabling and Disabling Plugins.
- Install and enable the NodeJS repository plugin as described in Installing, Updating and Uninstalling Repository Plugins and Enabling and Disabling Plugins.
- Download and install the Node.js runtime environment.
- Configure the Node.js interpreter in IntelliJ IDEA:
- Open the by choosing for Windows and Linux or for macOS, and click Node.js and NPM under Languages & Frameworks.
- On the Node.js and NPM page that opens, specify the location of the desired Node.js interpreter.
Installing the Sass/SCSS compiler
Sass and SCSS compilers are managed through the Ruby Gem manager.
- Download and install Ruby.
- Specify a
path
variable for the folder where the Ruby executable file and thegem.bat
file are stored. This lets you launch Ruby and Gem Manager from any folder and ensures that Ruby is successfully launched during compilation. - Type the following command at the command line prompt:
gem install sass
The tool is installed to the folder where Ruby executable file and the
gem.bat
file are stored.
Installing the Less compiler
The easiest way to install the Less compiler is to use the Node Package Manager (npm), which is a part of Node.js. See Installing and Removing External Software Using Node Package Manager for details.
Depending on the desired location of the Less compiler executable file, choose one of the following methods:
- Install the compiler globally at the IntelliJ IDEA level so it can be used in any IntelliJ IDEA project.
- Install the compiler in a specific project and thus restrict its use to this project.
- Install the compiler in a project as a development dependency.
In either installation mode, make sure that the parent folder of the Less compiler is added to the PATH
variable. This enables you to launch the compiler from any folder.
IntelliJ IDEA provides user interface both for global and project installation as well as supports installation through the command line.
Installing the Less compiler globally
Global installation makes a compiler available at the IntelliJ IDEA level so it can be used in any IntelliJ IDEA project. Moreover, during installation the parent folder of the compiler is automatically added to the PATH
variable, which enables you to launch the compiler from any folder.
- Run the installation from the command line in the global mode:
- Launch the embedded Terminal ( or by hovering your mouse pointer over in the lower left corner of IntelliJ IDEA and choosing Terminal from the menu
- Switch to the directory where NPM is stored or define a
PATH
variable for it so it is available from any folder, see Installing NodeJs. - Type the following command at the command line prompt:
npm install -g less
The
-g
key makes the compiler run in the global mode. Because the installation is performed through NPM, the Less compiler is installed in thenpm
folder. Make sure this parent folder is added to thePATH
variable. This enables you to launch the compiler from any folder.For more details on the NPM operation modes, see npm documentation. For more information about installing the Less compiler, see https://npmjs.org/package/less.
- Run NPM from IntelliJ IDEA using the Node.js and NPM page of the Settings dialog box.
- Open the Settings / Preferences Dialog by pressing Ctrl+Alt+S or by choosing for Windows and Linux or for macOS, and click Node.js and NPM under Languages & Frameworks.
- On the Node.js and NPM page that opens, the Packages area shows all the Node.js-dependent packages that are currently installed on your computer, both at the global and at the project level. Click .
- In the Available Packages dialog box that opens, select the required package to install.
- Select the Options check box and type
-g
in the text box next to it. - Optionally specify the product version and click Install Package to start installation.
Installing the Less compiler in a project
Local installation in a specific project restricts the use of a compiler to this project.
- Run the installation from the command line:
- Run NPM from IntelliJ IDEA using the Node.js and NPM page of the Settings dialog box.
- Open the Settings / Preferences Dialog by pressing Ctrl+Alt+S or by choosing for Windows and Linux or for macOS, and click Node.js and NPM under Languages & Frameworks.
- On the Node.js and NPM page that opens, the Packages area shows all the Node.js-dependent packages that are currently installed on your computer, both at the global and at the project level. Click .
- In the Available Packages dialog box that opens, select the required package.
- Optionally specify the product version and click Install Package to start installation.
Project level installation is helpful and reliable in template-based projects of the type Node Boilerplate or Node.js Express, which already have the node_modules
folder. The latter is important because NPM installs the Less compiler in a node_modules
folder. If your project already contains such folder, the Less compiler is installed there.
Projects of other types or empty projects may not have a node_modules
folder. In this case npm goes upwards in the folder tree and installs the Less compiler in the first detected node_modules
folder. Keep in mind that this detected node_modules
folder may be outside your current project root.
Finally, if no node_modules
folder is detected in the folder tree either, the folder is created right under the current project root and the Less compiler is installed there.
In either case, make sure that the parent folder of the Less compiler is added to the PATH
variable. This enables you to launch the compiler from any folder.
Creating a file watcher
IntelliJ IDEA provides a common procedure and user interface for creating File Watchers of all types. The only difference is in the predefined templates you choose in each case.
- Install and enable the File Watchers repository plugin.
The plugin is not bundled with IntelliJ IDEA, but it is available from the IntelliJ IDEA plugin repository plugin repository. See and Enabling and Disabling Plugins for details.
- To start creating a File Watcher, open the Settings/Preferences dialog box by choosing for Windows and Linux or for macOS on the main menu, and then click File Watchers under the Tools node. The File Watchers page that opens, shows the list of File Watchers that are already configured in the project.
- Click the Add button or press Alt+Insert. Depending on the tool you are going to use, choose the appropriate predefined template from the pop-up list:
- In the Program text box, specify the path to the compiler executable file or archive depending on the chosen predefined template.
-
lessc.cmd
for Less If you installed the tool through the Node Package Manager, IntelliJ IDEA locates the required file itself at<node.js_home>/node_modules/bin/lessc.cmd
and fills in the field automatically. Otherwise, type the path manually or click the Browse button and choose the file location in the dialog box that opens. -
sass.bat
for Sass -
scss.bat
for SCSS
If you installed the Sass and SCSS tools through Ruby, IntelliJ IDEA locates the required files itself at
<ruby_home>/bin/sass.bat
<ruby_home>/bin/scss.bat
respectively and fills in the field automatically. Otherwise, type the path manually or click the Browse button and choose the file location in the dialog box that opens. -
- Proceed as described on page Using File Watchers.
Compiling the code
When you open a Less, Sass, or SCSS file, IntelliJ IDEA checks whether an applicable file watcher is available in the current project. If such file watcher is configured but disabled, IntelliJ IDEA displays a pop-up window that informs you about the configured file watcher and suggests to enable it.
If an applicable file watcher is configured and enabled in the current project, IntelliJ IDEA starts it automatically upon the event specified in the New Watcher dialog.
- If the Immediate file synchronization check box is selected, the File Watcher is invoked as soon as any changes are made to the source code.
- If the Immediate file synchronization check box is cleared, the File Watcher is started upon save ( , Ctrl+S) or when you move focus from IntelliJ IDEA (upon frame deactivation).
IntelliJ IDEA creates a separate file with the generated output. The file has the name of the source Sass, Less, or SCSS file and the extension css
. The location of the generated files is defined in the Output paths to refresh text box of the New Watcher dialog. However, in the Project Tree, they are shown under the source file which is now displayed as a node.