IntelliJ IDEA 2021.2 Help

File Watchers

File Watcher is an IntelliJ IDEA tool that allows you to automatically run a command-line tool like compilers, formatters, or linters when you change or save a file in the IDE.

File Watchers have two dedicated code inspections:

  • The File Watcher available inspection is run in every file where a predefined File Watcher is applicable. If the project has no relevant File Watcher configured, IntelliJ IDEA suggests to add one.

  • The File Watcher problems inspection is invoked by a running File Watcher and highlights errors specific to it.

You can use one of the available templates or configure a File Watcher from scratch. A configured File Watcher can be saved in your project settings or in the IDE settings and used in different projects.

  • When you open a file where a predefined File Watcher is applicable, IntelliJ IDEA displays a pane where suggests activating it.

    Enable File Watcher pane

    Click Yes to activate the File Watcher with the default configuration.

  • If you click No, IntelliJ IDEA considers the suggested File Watcher suppressed. You can still create and enable it manually as described in Creating a File Watcher below.

For information on File Watchers for specific tools, see the corresponding pages:

Note that using some of these tools in IntelliJ IDEA requires that you install plugins on the Settings/Preferences | Plugins page as described in Installing plugins from JetBrains repository.

Before you start

Install and enable the File Watchers plugin on the Settings/Preferences | Plugins page, tab Marketplace, as described in Installing plugins from JetBrains repository.

Creating a File Watcher

  1. In the Settings/Preferences dialog Ctrl+Alt+S, click File Watchers under Tools. The File Watchers page opens showing a list of File Watchers that are already configured in this project and in the IDE.

  2. Click the Add button and choose the predefined template from which you want to create a File Watcher. The choice depends on the tool you are going to use. To use a tool that is not on the list, choose Custom. The New Watcher dialog opens.

  3. In the Name field, type the name of the File Watcher. By default, IntelliJ IDEA suggests the name of the selected predefined template.

Configuring the expected type and location of input files

Use the controls in the Files to watch area to define the range of files where you want to apply the File Watcher.

  1. From the File type list, choose the expected type of input files. The File Watcher will consider only files of this type as subject for analyzing and processing. File types are recognised based on associations between file types and file extensions.

    By default, the field shows the file type in accordance with the chosen predefined template.

  2. Select the Scope in which the File Watcher is applicable.

    Changes in these files will invoke the File Watcher either immediately or upon save or frame deactivation, depending on the status of the Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher checkbox.

    Select one of the predefined scopes from the list. For a project-level File Watcher, you can also click the Browse button to configure a custom scope in the Scopes dialog that opens.

    • All Places: all the scopes listed below.

    • Project Files: all the files within the project content roots (see Content roots).

    • Project Production Files: all the files within the project content roots excluding test sources.

    • Project Test Files: all the files within the project test source roots.

    • Scratches and Consoles: all the files from the Scratches and Consoles directory located in the Project tool window.

    • Open Files: all the files that are currently opened in the editor.

    • Current File: the file opened in the active editor tab.

    VCS Scopes: these scopes are only available if your project is under version control.

    • All Changed Files: all changed files, that is, all files associated with all existing changelists.

    • Default Changelist: all the files associated with the changelist  Default.

    Alternatively, click the Browse button and configure a custom scope in the Scopes dialog that opens.

    See Scopes and file colors for details.

  3. Optionally: specify how you want the File Watcher to deal with dependencies. A root file is a file that is not included (for example via import) in any other file within the specified scope.

    • To run the File Watcher only against root files, select the Track only root files checkbox.

    • Clear the checkbox to run the File Watcher against the file from which it is invoked and against all the files in which this file is recursively included within the specified scope.

    Note that the Scope setting overrides the Track only root files checkbox setting: if a dependency is outside the specified scope, the File Watcher is not applied to it.

Configuring interaction with the external tool

In the Tool to run on changes area, specify the tool to use, the arguments to pass to it, the expected output file types, and so on.

  1. In the Program field, specify the path to the executable file of the tool (.exe, .cmd, .bat, or other depending on the specific tool).

  2. In the Arguments field, define the arguments to pass to the tool.

    Arguments are usually specified using macros, for example, $FileName$ or $FileNameWithoutExtension$, that will be replaced with actual file names.

    Type the macros manually or click the Insert Macros icon and select the relevant pattern fom the list in the Macros dialog that opens.

  3. In the Output paths to refresh field, specify the files where the tool stores its output: the resulting source code, source maps, and dependencies. Based on these settings, IntelliJ IDEA recognizes the files generated through compilation.

    Note, that changing the value in the Output paths to refresh field does not make the tool store its output in another place. If you still need to do that, specify the desired custom output location in the Arguments field: type the output paths with colons as separators and use macros.

    Output paths are usually specified using macros. Type the path manually or click the Insert Macros icon and select the relevant pattern from the list.

  4. Expand the Working Directory and Environment Variables hidden area.

  5. Define the environment variables. For example, specify the PATH variable for the tools that are required for starting the tool you are configuring but are not referenced in the path to it. In most cases it is Node.js or ruby.exe. Such situation may result from custom manual installation instead of installation through the Node Package Manager (npm) or gem manager.

  6. In the Working Directory field, specify the directory to which the tool will be applied.

    Because the tool is always invoked in the context of a file, the default working directory is the directory of the current file. The default working directory is specified in all predefined templates through a $FileDir$ macros. To specify a custom working directory, type the path to it in the field, or click the Browse icon and select the directory in the Select Path dialog, or click the Insert Macros icon and select the desired macro from the list in the Macros dialog.

Configuring advanced options

In the Advanced Options area, customize the default behaviour of the File Watcher.

  1. Specify the events that will invoke the File Watcher:

    • To invoke the File Watcher as soon as any changes are made to the source code, select the Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher checkbox.

      When the checkbox is cleared, the File Watcher starts upon save (File | Save All) or when you move the focus from IntelliJ IDEA (on frame deactivation).

    • By default, the File Watcher wakes up on any saved change, including the updates received from your version control system when you, for example, check out a branch. To ignore such changes and invoke the File Watcher only when you update your code in IntelliJ IDEA, clear the Trigger the watcher on external changes checkbox.

  2. Specify whether you want the File Watcher to interact with the IntelliJ IDEA syntax parser:

    • When the Trigger watcher regardless of syntax errors checkbox is selected, the File Watcher start regardless of the syntactical correctness of a file. The File Watcher will start upon update, save, or frame deactivation, depending on the status of the Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher checkbox.

    • When the Trigger watcher regardless of syntax errors checkbox is cleared, the File Watcher ignores all triggers in files that are syntactically invalid and starts only in error-free files.

  3. Use the Create output file from stdout checkbox to specify how you want to generate the output file.

    • When the checkbox is selected, IntelliJ IDEA reads the native tool's output standard output stream (stdout) and generates the resulting files from it.

    • When the checkbox is cleared, the tool writes its output directly to the files specified in the Output paths to refresh field.

  4. In the Show console list, choose when you want the File Watcher to open the console.

    • Always: with this option, the console always opens after the tool execution is completed.

    • On error: with this option, the console opens after the tool execution only when the Exit code is different from 0.

    • Never: choose this option to suppress opening the console at all.

Showing information reported by File Watcher in the editor

If the tool configured in the File Watcher reports errors or warnings about your code with the links to the files and specific lines, you can see this information right in the editor:

  • In Settings/Preferences | Editor | Inspections, enable the inspection File Watcher Problems.

  • In the Output Filters field of the Edit Watcher dialog, describe the format of the output you want to match. Use the macros $FILE_PATH$, $LINE$, and $MESSAGE$ for that. You need to avoid using special symbols like braces and dot with \. The text matched with the $MESSAGE$ macro will be shown in the editor.

Example

The tool reports errors in the following format:

ERROR: /Users/Alice/WebstormProjects/angular-app/src/main.ts[6, 27]: " should be '
Use the following regex as an output filter to see the error highlighted in the editor:
ERROR: $FILE_PATH$\[$LINE$, $COLUMN$\]: $MESSAGE$

Saving, enabling, and disabling File Watchers

Once you’ve saved the new File Watcher, you can decide if it’s going to be available only in the current project (select Project from the Level list) or for all projects (select Global).

Global File Watcher
  • To enable or disable a File Watcher, open the Settings/Preferences dialog Ctrl+Alt+S, go to Tools | File Watchers, and select or clear the checkbox next to it.

    When a File Watcher is enabled, it starts automatically as soon as a file of the selected type and in the selected scope is changed or saved, see Configuring advanced options.

    If an error occurs while a File Watcher is running, the File Watcher is automatically disabled. To restore the status, enable the File Watcher manually.

Enabling global File Watchers for new projects

Global File Watchers can be automatically enabled in all new projects that you create in the future.

  • Open the Settings for New Projects dialog (File | New Projects Setup | Settings/Preferences for New Projects) , go to Tools | File Watchers, and select the checkboxes next to the required File Watchers.

  • Alternatively, on the Welcome Screen, select Settings from the Configure list. In the dialog that opens, select the checkboxes next to the relevant File Watchers.

Project security

Running a File Watcher may execute potentially malicious code. To avoid problems, when a File Watcher wakes up to process a file for the first time, IntelliJ IDEA displays a warning and lets you decide on how to proceed.

Untrusted project warning

If you click Review, IntelliJ IDEA opens the File Watchers page where you can investigate the File Watcher's settings and disable it, is necessary.

If you click Skip, IntelliJ IDEA disables the File Watcher in the current project.

To re-enable the File Watcher, open the Settings/Preferences dialog Ctrl+Alt+S, go to Tools | File Watcher, and select the Enabled checkbox next to the File Watcher, see Saving, enabling, and disabling File Watchers for details.

Trusted locations

You can configure what sources IntelliJ IDEA should consider safe and accordingly load them and run File Watchers without showing the notification. Learn more from Project security.

  1. In the Settings/Preferences dialog Ctrl+Alt+S, go to Build, Execution, Deployment | Trusted Locations.

  2. On the Trusted Locations page, create a list of local directories where the projects you consider trusted reside. Click OK to save the changes.

    Webpack: Trusted Locations

    IntelliJ IDEA loads projects from those locations without showing any security notifications.

Troubleshooting File Watchers

There might be a red error message next to the File Watcher in the list in Preferences/Settings | Tools | File Watchers.

File Watcher Error Message

Here is a list of possible errors:

Reported Problem

Problem Description

Workaround

Unknown Scope error

The File Watcher uses a scope that is not defined in this project.

Double-click the watcher and select an available scope or create a new one.

Not found error

The project uses a global File Watcher that was removed.

Delete the watcher from the list using the Remove button Remove or edit it to create a new global watcher with the same name.

IntelliJ IDEA runs numerous identical File Watcher tasks

After a bulk update, for example, from your VCS, IntelliJ IDEA runs a separate File Watcher task for each saved file.

Add a file-specific macro (like &FileNameWithoutExtension&) in the Arguments field, see Configuring interaction with the external tool.

Last modified: 02 August 2022