CLion 2023.2 Help

Markdown

Markdown is a lightweight markup language for adding formatting elements to plain text. CLion recognizes Markdown files, provides a dedicated editor with highlighting, completion, and formatting, and shows the rendered HTML in a live preview pane. Support is based on the CommonMark specification.

Create a new Markdown file

By default, CLion recognizes any file with the .md or .markdown extension as a Markdown file.

  1. Right-click a directory in the Project tool window Alt+1 and select New | File.

    Alternatively, you can select the necessary directory, press Alt+Insert, and then select File.

  2. Enter a name for your file with a recognized extension, for example: readme.md.

The Markdown editor provides several basic formatting actions in the floating toolbar that appears when you select a text fragment. You can use the preview pane to see the rendered HTML.

Markdown editor formatting toolbar

There is also completion for links to files in the current project, for example, if you need to reference source code, images, or other Markdown files. For more information, refer to Links.

Markdown editor completion popup

Code blocks

To insert a fenced code block, use triple backticks ``` before and after the code block. If you specify the language for the code block, by default, the Markdown editor injects the corresponding language.

This enables syntax highlighting and other coding assistance features for the specified language: completion, inspections, and intention actions.

Insert a fenced code block in Markdown

Disable coding assistance in code blocks

If your code blocks are not meant to be syntactically correct, you may want to disable code injection and syntax errors in code blocks.

  1. Press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and then select Languages & Frameworks | Markdown.

  2. Clear the following options:

    • Inject languages in code fences

    • Show problems in code fences

  3. Click OK to apply the changes.

Run commands from Markdown files

When you clone a project, there is usually a README.md file with instructions and commands to run the application, configure your environment, and so on. CLion detects these commands and provides gutter icons for running the commands.

  • Click the corresponding gutter icon or press Control+Shift+F10 while the caret is at the command that you want to run.

    Gutter icons for running commands detected in Markdown files

You can disable the gutter icons for running commands in Markdown files in IDE settings Control+Alt+S under Languages & Frameworks | Markdown: clear the Detect commands that can be run right from Markdown files checkbox.

Diagrams

The Markdown editor can render diagrams defined with Mermaid and PlantUML. This is disabled by default and requires additional steps.

Mermaid diagram in Markdown

Enable Mermaid diagram support

  1. Press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and then select Plugins.

  2. Find and install the Mermaid plugin.

Enable PlantUML diagram support

  1. Press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and then select Languages & Frameworks | Markdown.

  2. Install and enable PlantUML under Markdown Extensions.

  3. After CLion downloads the relevant extension, click OK to apply the changes.

HTML preview

By default, the Markdown editor shows a preview pane for rendered HTML code next to the Markdown source. You can click the Editor button Editor or the Preview button Preview in the top right corner of the Markdown editor to show only the editor or the preview pane.

Split editor and preview horizontally

By default, the editor and preview are split vertically (side by side), which is convenient for wide monitors. You can also split it horizontally, so that the preview is displayed in the lower part of the editor, which is more convenient for portrait displays.

  • In the top-right corner of the editor, click the Editor and Preview button Editor and Preview to open the editor and preview pane horizontally.

    The icon should change to the Editor and Preview button.

Markdown editor and live preview pane split horizontally

To configure the default layout of the preview, you can use the Preview layout list in Languages & Frameworks | Markdown.

Disable editor and preview scrollbar synchronization

By default, the scrollbars in the editor and in the preview pane are synchronized, meaning that the location in the preview pane corresponds to the location in the source.

  1. Press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and then select Languages & Frameworks | Markdown.

  2. Clear Sync scroll in the editor and preview.

  3. Click OK to apply the changes.

Custom CSS

CLion provides default style sheets for rendering HTML in the preview pane. These style sheets were designed to be consistent with the default UI themes. You can configure specific CSS rules to make small presentation changes (for example, change the font size for headings or line spacing in lists) or you can provide an entirely new CSS to better match your expected output (for example, if you want to replicate the GitHub Markdown style).

Markdown preview with a custom CSS that resembles GitHub rendering style

Configure CSS for rendering HTML preview

  1. Press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and then select Languages & Frameworks | Markdown.

  2. Configure the settings under Custom CSS:

    • Select Load from to specify the location of a custom CSS file.

    • Select CSS rules rules to enter specific CSS rules that you want to override.

  3. Click OK to apply the changes.

Here is an example of custom CSS rules:

body { background: #DDDDDD; color: #888888; font-size: 250% !important; } strong { text-decoration: underline; }

Images

By default, Markdown uses the following syntax for images, which you can enter yourself with completion for paths inside your project:

![alt-text](path/to/file.png "optional-title")
Inserted image in a Markdown document

Insert image

  1. Press Command U.

    Alternatively, press Alt+Insert to open the Insert… popup, and select Image.

    Insert an image in a Markdown file

  2. Specify the path to the image in the Insert Image dialog.

    Markdown Insert Image dialog

  3. Click OK.

To configure the image, click The Configure image icon in the gutter on the line where the image is inserted. For example, you can select Convert to HTML in the Insert Image dialog to insert the image with raw HTML markup in the Markdown file.

Insert Image with raw HTML

This will produce the following:

Image inserted with raw HTML

You can define links with the following syntax:

[link-text](link-url "optional-title")
Insert a link in a Markdown file

  • Press Command Shift U.

    Alternatively, press Alt+Insert to open the Insert… popup, and select Link.

    Insert a link in a Markdown file

If you had some text highlighted, it will be enclosed in [ ] as the text of the link. If you had a URL copied to the clipboard, it will be enclosed in ( ) as the link URL.

The optional title appears when you hover over the link.

  • Besides URLs, you can add links to any header in the current file:

    # This is a chapter Link to [this chapter](#this-is-a-chapter)

  • You can also link to any other file relative to the current file:

    # This is a chapter Link to [a chapter in another file](another-file.md#some-chapter)

CLion provides completion for link labels that are available in the current context: files relative to the current file and valid header labels.

Control+LeftClick on a link label to navigate to the referenced header.

You can invoke Find Usages Alt+F7 on a header or label to see all the links pointing to this label. You can also invoke the Rename refactoring Shift+F6 on a header or label to rename it along with all relevant usages.

Generate table of contents

You can generate a properly indented list of headers available in the current file.

  1. Place the caret where you want to add the table of contents for the current file and press Alt+Insert to open the Insert… popup.

  2. Select Table of Contents.

    Create a table of contents in a Markdown file

    If you already have a table of contents in this file, select Update Table of Contents to update it after you add, remove, or rename some headers.

The table of contents is enclosed in <!-- TOC --> comment tags.

<!-- TOC --> * [Main title](#main-title) * [Subtitle](#subtitle) * [Another subtitle](#another-subtitle) * [Another main title](#another-main-title) * [Secondary subtitle](#secondary-subtitle) * [Third level header](#third-level-header) <!-- TOC -->

Tables

CLion provides support for creating and editing tables in Markdown.

Insert table

  1. Press Alt+Insert to open the Insert… popup, and select Table.

    Insert a table in a Markdown file

  2. Select the size of the table (number of rows and columns).

  3. Type the contents of each cell and press Tab to move the caret from one cell to the next. To add a new row, press Shift+Enter.

As you type, CLion automatically adjusts the rows and columns to properly fit the contents in table cells. If the formatting is still wrong, CLion highlights this with an inspection that allows you to quickly fix the table formatting. When you select a quick fix from the list, CLion displays a preview with the result of applying the quick fix.

Markdown inspection for incorrectly formatted table

By default, CLion shows table column and row markers in the editor. Use these markers to select, move, insert, remove, and align the columns and rows. The markers are a special type of inlay hints specific to Markdown files. If you don't see these markers, press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings, go to Editor | Inlay Hints, and check the Other | Markdown | Table inlays option.

Editing a table in a Markdown file

Click the column marker to perform the following actions:

  • The Move Column Left button Move Column Left

  • The Move Column Right button Move Column Right

  • The Insert Column Left button Insert Column Left

  • The Insert Column Right button Insert Column Right

  • The Select Column Cells button Select Column Cells

  • The Align Left button Align Left

  • The Align Center button Align Center

  • The Align Right button Align Right

  • The Remove Column button Remove Column

Click the row marker to perform the following actions:

  • The Move Row Up button Move Row Up

  • The Move Row Down button Move Row Down

  • The Insert Row Above button Insert Row Above

  • The Insert Row Below button Insert Row Below

  • The Select Row button Select Row

  • The Remove Row button Remove Row

Floating toolbar

When you select some text in a Markdown file, CLion shows a floating toolbar with various formatting options.

The Markdown floating toolbar

Select between a regular text and a header with levels from H1 to H6

  • Bold Bold Control+B

  • Italic Italic Control+I

  • Strikethrough Strikethrough Control+Shift+S

  • Code Code Control+Shift+C

  • Create Link Create Link Control+Shift+U

  • Unordered List Unordered List

  • Ordered List Ordered List

  • Checkmark List Checkmark List

Customize the floating toolbar

  1. Press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and then select Appearance & Behavior | Menus and Toolbars.

  2. Add or remove the necessary actions under Markdown Editor Floating Toolbar.

    For more information, refer to Custom actions, menus, and toolbars.

  3. Click OK to apply changes.

Hide the floating toolbar

  1. Press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and then select Advanced Settings.

  2. Select Hide floating toolbar under Markdown.

  3. Click OK to apply changes.

Reformat Markdown files

CLion can reformat Markdown files with proper line wrappings, blank lines, and indentation.

You can trigger reformatting automatically on VCS commits, when running builds, or some other action, or you can invoke it manually at any time:

  • Go to Code | Reformat Code or press Control+Alt+L.

CLion formats the contents according to the code style settings for Markdown files.

Configure Markdown code style settings

  • Press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and then select Editor | Code Style | Markdown.

Convert Markdown files

The Markdown plugin can export your Markdown files to HTML and PDF out of the box. If you configure Pandoc, it will also be able to export to and import from Microsoft Word files (DOCX).

Configure Pandoc

CLion should be able to detect your Pandoc installation automatically. If not, perform the following:

  1. From the main menu, select Tools | Markdown Converter | Configure Pandoc….

  2. Under Pandoc Settings specify the location of the Pandoc executable and the location where you want to store images imported from Microsoft Word documents.

  3. Click OK to apply the changes.

Import from Microsoft Word

  1. From the main menu, select Tools | Markdown Converter | Import Word Document….

  2. Specify the location of the document.

Export Markdown file to another format

CLion can export to Microsoft Word (requires Pandoc), PDF, and HTML.

  1. Click the Editor and Preview button Editor and Preview or the Preview button Preview to show the HTML preview pane in the editor.

  2. From the main menu, select Tools | Markdown Converter | Export Markdown File To….

  3. In the Export Markdown dialog, specify the name, location, and format for the output file and click OK.

    The Markdown Export dialog

Productivity tips

Customize highlighting for Markdown

CLion highlights various Markdown elements according to the color scheme settings.

  1. In the Settings dialog (Control+Alt+S), select Editor | Color Scheme | Markdown.

  2. Select the color scheme, accept the highlighting settings inherited from defaults, or customize them as described in Colors and fonts.

  • Use the Structure tool window Alt+7 or the File Structure popup Control+F12 to view and jump to the relevant headings.

Add comments to a Markdown file

Markdown does not have dedicated syntax for commenting out lines. However, it is possible to emulate a comment line using a link label without an address, like this:

[comment]: <> (Your comment text)

  • Place the caret at the line that you want to comment out and press Control+/.

    This will add a link label with the commented out text in parentheses and a blank line before it if necessary. Press the same shortcut to uncomment.

Wrap lines and fill paragraphs

By default, CLion doesn't add hard wraps to long lines automatically. It will wrap lines when you reformat the file.

  • Press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and then select Editor | Code Style | Markdown. Configure Markdown code style settings to enable automatic line breaks when typing.

  • Alternatively, disable hard wraps entirely to preserve paragraphs that are longer than the configured maximum line length.

  • You can also use the Edit | Fill Paragraph action to add line breaks only for the paragraph where the caret is.

Last modified: 30 October 2023
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